If you’re stopped, questioned, or arrested by the police, it’s important to know your rights. The law protects you, and knowing what you’re entitled to can help you feel more confident and informed during any interactions with the police. This page covers key rights you should be aware of.

In the UK, the police can stop and search you if they have reasonable grounds to suspect you’re carrying something illegal, such as drugs, a weapon, stolen property, or something that could be used for crime. However, there are limits to what the police can do.

  • You don’t have to answer questions: You are not legally required to answer any questions during a stop and search, except for providing your name and address if asked. 

  • Ask for a reason: The police must explain why they are stopping you and what they are looking for. 

  • Get a receipt: You have the right to ask for a record of the search. 

You can visit the government website to learn more about stop and search. Stop and search – GOV.UK. 

 

If the police arrest you, it means they believe you’ve committed a crime or you’re involved in one. When this happens, you have important rights. 

  • Right to know why you’re being arrested: The police must tell you the reason for your arrest. 

  • Right to remain silent: You don’t have to answer any questions, but anything you do say can be used against you in court. 

  • Right to legal advice: You can ask for a solicitor and get free legal advice, even if you’re under 18. 

  • Right to have someone informed: If you’re under 18, the police must contact your parent, guardian, or carer. You also have the right to an appropriate adult (like a parent, social worker, or youth worker) to be with you during questioning. 

You can read more about your rights when being arrested on the government website. Being arrested: your rights – GOV.UK.

If the police interview you as part of an investigation, you have specific rights.

  • Right to legal representation: You have the right to have a solicitor present during the interview. 

  • Appropriate adult: If you’re under 18, an appropriate adult must be with you during the interview to make sure your rights are protected. 

If you feel that the police have mistreated you or violated your rights, there are steps you can take.

  • Make a complaint: You can file a complaint with the police force involved. Each force has a complaints procedure. 

  • Seek legal advice: If you believe your rights have been violated, a solicitor can help you understand your options. 

  • Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC): The IOPC investigates complaints about the police. You can report a complaint through them if you feel you haven’t been treated fairly (IOPC). 

  • Citizens Advice: ​​​​​Provides free advice on your legal rights and what to do if you feel the police have treated you unfairly. Home – Citizens Advice.

  • Liberty: A UK-based organisation that offers resources on your rights when dealing with the police. Your rights – Liberty.